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10 principles of sentencing in Queensland

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Sentencing in criminal law, as is well known, is a matter for the discretion of the sentencing Judge. A discretion in the law means that rather than ‘hard and fast’ (inflexible) rules determining the outcome, the judge is to exercise their own judgment in each case after considering all relevant factors. As the majority of the High Court of Australia observed in GLJ v The Trustees of the Roman Catholic Church for the Diocese of Lismore [2023] HCA 32:

“a discretionary decision, properly so called, is one in respect of which the law permits reasonable minds to differ.”

In Queensland, criminal sentencing of adult offenders must be in accordance with the Penalties and Sentences Act 1992 (Qld).

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Jussie Smollett fake race hate crime hoax conviction overturned

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American actor Jussie Smollett claimed to have been the victim of a hate crime. His story was inherently implausible – that two MAGA hat wearing homophobic white supremists saw him in the early hours of downtown Chicago – a deeply Democratic party voting area populated with many African Americans – and beat him up while it was snowing.
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Types of appeals in Queensland and the Federal Courts

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Legal advice

Appeals in the law are creatures of statute: Attorney-General v Sillem [1864] EngR 352; (1864) 10 HLC 704 at 720-721, Mickelberg v The Queen [1989] HCA 35, Deane J at [4], R v Ferguson; ex parte A-G (Qld) [2008] QCA 227 at [20]. In other words, they never existed at common law, but were instead created by legislation. Therefore, appeals can only be made and determined in accordance with statutory provisions and Court rules about appeals, and primary regard must be had to them. The “common law” of appeals is the case law of interpretation of such provisions.

The joint judgment of Gleeson CJ, Gummow and Kirby JJ in Fox v Percy (2003) 214 CLR 118 distinguished between four types of appeals:

“[20] Appeal is not, as such, a common law procedure. It is a creature of statute. In Builders Licensing Board v Sperway Constructions (Syd) Pty Ltd, Mason J distinguished between (i) an appeal stricto sensu, where the issue is whether the judgment below was right on the material before the trial court; (ii) an appeal by rehearing on the evidence before the trial court; (iii) an appeal by way of rehearing on that evidence supplemented by such further evidence as the appellate court admits under a statutory power to do so; and (iv) an appeal by way of a hearing de novo. There are different meanings to be attached to the word “rehearing”. The distinction between an appeal by way of rehearing and a hearing de novo was further considered in Allesch v Maunz. Which of the meanings is that borne by the term “appeal”, or whether there is some other meaning, is, in the absence of an express statement in the particular provision, a matter of statutory construction in each case.”

It is important for practitioners to understand the different types of appeals, and therefore how they will be considered and determined. Such knowledge is a prerequisite for practitioners to appraise themselves of the prospects of success in such appeals they may act in.

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Daniel Keneally’s conviction for fabricating evidence upheld on appeal

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The son of former NSW Labor premier Kristina Keneally has had his appeal dismissed.

Constable Daniel Keneally had a telephone conversation in February 2021 with a man named Luke Moore. Keneally then submitted a report that falsely claimed Moore had made threats about wanting a Goulburn detective “dead” and had said he was “as good as gone”. This resulted in Moore being charged with using a carriage service to menace and threaten to kill,  and refused bail, resulting in him spending time in jail for three weeks.

Moore had fortunately recorded his discussion with Constable Keneally, and the recording showed that Keneally’s report was false.
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Chris Dawson’s murder appeal dismissed

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Former high school teacher and rugby league player Chris Dawson has been unsuccessful in his appeal against his murder conviction.

In August 2022, Chris Dawson was found guilty of his first wife’s murder.

Background

His first wife Lynette Dawson (nee Simms) went missing in 1982, and has not been found since. She left behind their two young daughters Shanelle and Sherryn, then aged four and two.

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Donald Trump convicted over hush money payments

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A Manhattan jury has found Former US President Donald Trump guilty in his New York criminal trial.

The charges arose from events in 2016, when a company set up by Trump’s then-lawyer Michael Cohen allegedly paid adult film actress Stormy Daniels ‘hush money’ in relation to an alleged historical sexual encounter Trump had with Daniels. Trump was accused of falsifying business records to hide the payments. It was alleged Trump later reimbursed Cohen.

Trump denied the affair with Daniels and claimed he was not aware of Cohen’s payment to Daniels.
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Daniel Keneally given 15-month intensive correction order for fabricating evidence

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Constable Daniel Keneally was charged with fabricating evidence in September 2022 after he submitted a report claiming that Luke Moore had threatened to kill a police officer, which resulted in Moore being refused bail and in jail for three weeks.

Moore had fortunately recorded his discussion with Keneally jnr, and that recording showed that Keneally’s report was false. Despite that, pleaded not guilty to fabricating evidence.
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